Which of Mendel's laws states that alleles separate during gamete formation?

The correct answer is indeed the Law of Segregation. This law states that during the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs), the two alleles for a trait segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. This means that an organism inherits one allele from each parent, and these alleles are separated during gamete formation.

Mendel formulated this law based on his experiments with pea plants, where he observed that traits were passed down in predictable patterns. He concluded that alleles, the different versions of a gene, must separate during the process of meiosis, which leads to the formation of gametes. This foundational principle of genetics explains how offspring can exhibit variations of traits inherited from their parents.

The other options are related to different aspects of genetic inheritance: the Law of Independent Assortment relates to the inheritance of different traits independently of one another; the Law of Dominance describes how one allele can mask the expression of another; and the Law of Linkage refers to genes that are located close to each other on a chromosome and tend to be inherited together. However, these concepts do not specifically address the separation of alleles during gamete formation, which is the focus of the Law of Seg