What molecule is crucial for protein synthesis and includes mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?

The molecule that is crucial for protein synthesis and includes mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA is RNA (Ribonucleic acid). RNA plays several essential roles in the process of translating genetic information into proteins.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the template that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA strand. Meanwhile, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key component of ribosomes, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into protein chains.

Together, these three types of RNA cooperate in a coordinated manner to ensure that proteins are produced accurately according to the genetic instructions encoded in DNA. This highlights the indispensable role of RNA in the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system.