What kind of gene, when mutated, can lead to cancer?

The type of gene that, when mutated, can lead to cancer is classified as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene. Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes that typically promote cell growth and division. When these genes undergo mutations that lead to their activation, they can drive the uncontrolled proliferation of cells, resulting in cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes, on the other hand, normally function to control cell growth and division, repair DNA mistakes, or regulate apoptosis (programmed cell death). When tumor suppressor genes are mutated and lose their function, there is a loss of these critical controls, contributing to the development of tumors.

Thus, mutations in either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes significantly increase the risk of cancer development through their roles in cell cycle regulation and growth control. This understanding is vital for cancer research and treatment strategies.