What is the term for the pairing of chromosomes during meiosis?

The correct term for the pairing of chromosomes during meiosis is called synapsis. This process occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes align closely together to form pairs. This close association allows for the exchange of genetic material through crossing over, leading to genetic diversity in the resulting gametes. Synapsis is essential for proper segregation of chromosomes during the subsequent stages of meiosis, ensuring that each gamete receives the appropriate number of chromosomes.

In contrast, segregation refers to the separation of alleles during gamete formation but does not specifically address the pairing of chromosomes. Mutation pertains to changes in the DNA sequence, which is unrelated to the physical pairing of chromosomes. Recombination involves the exchange of genetic material between paired chromosomes but is a result of the synaptic process during meiosis, not a term for the pairing itself. Thus, synapsis accurately captures the critical initial step in meiosis that facilitates genetic variability and proper cell division.