What is a genetic marker?

A genetic marker refers specifically to a gene or DNA sequence that has a known location on a chromosome. These markers can be used in various genetic studies, including mapping genes related to diseases, tracking inheritance patterns in families, and conducting population genetics research. Genetic markers can vary in type; they can be single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), short tandem repeats (STRs), or even entire genes. Their precise localization on chromosomes makes them invaluable tools in genetics for identifying specific traits, understanding genetic diversity, and assisting in breeding programs or medical diagnostics.