What does biotechnology utilize to develop products such as recombinant DNA?

Biotechnology fundamentally utilizes biological processes to develop products such as recombinant DNA. This field draws on the principles of biology, genetics, microbiology, and molecular biology to manipulate living organisms or their components. By employing techniques like DNA cloning, gene editing, and the use of microorganisms, scientists can create genetically modified organisms or produce specific proteins through recombinant DNA technology.

The process of creating recombinant DNA involves using enzymes to cut and splice DNA segments from different sources, which is inherently a biological method. These biological techniques harness the natural capabilities of cells to express and replicate modified genetic material. Therefore, the emphasis on biological processes accurately reflects the core activities employed in biotechnology, distinguishing it from purely chemical, physical, or mechanical processes, which do not specifically involve manipulation of biological systems at the molecular level.