What describes a method that repairs genetic defects using non-viral carriers?

The method that repairs genetic defects using non-viral carriers is best described by non-viral vector therapy. This approach typically employs various types of synthetic or natural molecules to deliver therapeutic genes into target cells without using viruses. This can involve methods like liposomes, nanoparticles, or other delivery systems that can encapsulate the genetic material and facilitate its entry into the cells.

Non-viral vector therapy has several advantages, such as reduced risk of immune response and lower potential for insertional mutagenesis—where insertion of genetic material disrupts other important genes—which is a concern with viral vectors. Additionally, non-viral methods can often be more easily scaled for production and may allow for more precise control over the delivery process.

In contrast, other methods listed, such as gene editing, involve direct modification of the genome without necessarily utilizing a carrier, often employing systems like CRISPR. Virus-mediated gene therapy relies on genetically modified viruses for gene delivery, posing different challenges like immune responses. Gene insertion refers more broadly to the act of adding genetic material, which may or may not involve viral or non-viral techniques.