Tay-Sachs disease results from a mutation that leads to the buildup of harmful substances in which type of cells?

Tay-Sachs disease results from a genetic mutation that affects the Hexosaminidase A (Hex-A) enzyme, which is essential for breaking down a fatty substance called GM2 ganglioside. When this enzyme is deficient or nonfunctional, GM2 ganglioside accumulates in the body, particularly in nerve cells (neurons).

As the disease progresses, the buildup of these harmful substances damages the nerve cells, leading to neurological impairment and severe symptoms. Therefore, a significant characteristic of Tay-Sachs is its impact on the central nervous system, which is primarily composed of nerve cells. This explains why the correct answer identifies nerve cells as the area where the harmful accumulation occurs, reflecting the disease's neurological manifestations.